Nutritional and Microbiological Comparative Quality Assessment of Native and Imported Dry Fish in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abstract

Dried fish is recognized as a nutrient dense food and it plays a significant role in our diets. This study focuses on the socio-economic status of dry fish traders in Asadganj and Reajuddin Bazar Dry Fish Markets in Chattogram, Bangladesh and compares the organoleptic, nutritional, and microbiological qualities of five native and imported dry fish species. A varied sample of 40 individuals was chosen for data collection and data on both dried fish and individuals involved in business were gathered using an organized questionnaire, interviews with authorities and traders, utilizing Participatory Rural Appraisal and Focus Group Discussion tools during in-person field trips. The survey revealed that the majority of businessmen were middle-aged and possessed primary educational achievement, with 61% and 56% respectively in Asadganj and Reajuddin Bazar Dry Fish Market. It was found that socio-economic condition of dried fish traders in Asadganj Dry Fish Market were in a better state. The study of organoleptic properties indicated that dried fish samples were suitable for human, with native samples being preferred over imported ones due to superior color, texture and appearance. Moisture content ranged from 17.96±0.56% to 38.68±0.95%, with the highest level found in Pama Croaker from Myanmar. There was a significant increase in protein content which rose from 42.33±0.16% to 74.52±0.95% where Scaly Hairfin Anchovy from India had the highest protein values. In terms of lipid, it varied from 2.44±1.04% (Gangetic Ailia from Bangladesh) to 15.41±0.44% (Scaly Hairfin Anchovy from India). The highest ash content was found from Bangladeshi Mola Carplet (22.92±2.16%) and lowest was seen for Pama Croaker from Myanmar (11.27±0.48%). Microbiologically, highest bacterial load was found in Indian Mola Carplet (6.87×108 CFU/gm) whereas, the lowest was found in Bangladesi Scaly Hairfin Anchovy and Pama Croaker (1.42×106 CFU/gm). The pathogenic bacterial species E. coli and Vibrio spp. were found in all imported dried species except Tapper Tail Anchovy from all locations. Additionally, the majority of dried fish samples tested negative for Salmonella and Shigella. Overall, the study suggests that Bangladeshi dried fish generally exhibit better quality, safety, and nutritional attributes compared to imported dried fish species. Although there is a need for improving hygiene and sanitary practices, as well as better market distribution and storage facilities. Bangladeshi dried fishes remain a viable and secure food choice for human consumption.