Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance Pattern Of Salmonella Isolated From Stray Dogs

Abstract

Salmonellosis is one of the most common and widely distributed global public health issues. During the last decade, multi-resistance of Salmonella spp. has increased a great deal, especially in developing countries with an increased and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary practice. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Salmonella isolated from rectal swab of stray dogs in the randomly selected 9 areas of Chittagong City Corporation to assess the risk of possible transmission of Salmonella from dogs to humans. Rectal swabs were collected for isolating Salmonella spp. (bacteriological culture methods) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method) against Salmonella isolates during the period April to July, 2014. Inv A gene specific PCR was done to detect Salmonella Typhimurium from isolated Salmonella spp. to evaluate the public health crises. Out of the 108 samples, the highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was found in Ambagan and New Market (100%) and lowest (20%) in Pahartoli area and variation in prevalence among the sites differs significantly (p<0.05). On the other hand, prevalence was highest (66.67%) in samples of females than in males (58.93%) but the difference was not varied significantly (p>0.05). Among the 67 isolates, 10.45% Inv A gene was indicating presence of Salmonella Typhimurium. Isolated Salmonella was tested for resistance to twelve different antimicrobial agents, using disc diffusion method. Among twelve antimicrobial tested, 100% resistance were found to Amoxicillin followed by Azithromycin (91.67-100%), Cefixime (90-100%), Ampicillin (83.33-100%), Pefloxacin (83.33-100%), Potentiated Sulfonamide (66.67-100%), Tetracycline (50-100%), Colistin (50-100%), Gentamycin (0-100%) and Ceftriaxone (0- 70%). Ceftriaxone remained sensitive in 29.85%, Gentamycin and Colistin appeared to be 22.39% and 7.46%, respectively. Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistance up to nine of the twelve antimicrobials tested. In conclusion, it can be said that the rational use of antibiotics need to be adopt in veterinary and human practice of Bangladesh to prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistance Salmonella. In addition, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent occurrence of zoonotic Salmonella spp. in human.