SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN DIFFERENT MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

The balanced nutritional food in the human diet is referred to as milk. Milk contains a wide variety of macro and micronutrients, yet it is possible for milk and milk products to be contaminated with heavy metals. The goal of the current inquiry was to identify the levels of lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in market pasteurized milk, raw fresh milk, ghee, yogurt, and powdered milk from various brands. A sum of five fresh milk trial selected from dairy farms at Khulsi, Chattogram. Five different brand powdered milk samples, three different brand ghee and yogurt samples and five different brand market pasteurized milk trial selected from Chattogram were get hold of inspection. In raw, fresh milk, concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were determined to be 0.126 mg/L, 0.193 mg/L, 0.022 mg/L, and 0.159 mg/L, respectively. Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) concentrations in brand-name market pasteurized milk were 0.223 mg/L, 0.177 mg/L, 0.035 mg/L, and 0.291 mg/L, respectively. Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) values in powder milk samples from various brands were 0.189 mg/L, 0.154 mg/L, 0.040 mg/L, and 0.280 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the amounts of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were 0.010 mg/kg, 0.385 mg/kg, 0.027 mg/kg, and 0.029 mg/kg respectively, in samples of yogurt from various brands. Additionally, the amounts of Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Ca), and Nickel (Ni) in various brands of ghee samples were 0.130 mg/kg, 0.237 mg/kg, 0.167 mg/kg, and 0.167 mg/kg respectively. The levels of the four heavy metals were compared between several dairy farms in Chattogram, Bangladesh as well as between various brands. The levels of those four heavy metals within most of the samples were found within permitted range of different approved authorities. But in some samples those limit exceeded the limits which can cause health risk to humans. The way of their entry to the human food chain is through the contaminated milk and powder milk due to the presence of industries and highway roads near the dairy farms, animal feeds contaminated with heavy metals and processing steps.