Epidemiology and molecular characterization of important intestinal zoonotic protozoan parasites in domestic pigs and their handlers in Bandarban and Rangamati Hill District

Abstract

This clinical report investigates the prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in pigs from Bandarban and Rangamati districts, Bangladesh. A total of 80 fecal samples were collected and analyzed using direct microscopic and flotation methods to detect parasites. The study assessed eight animal-level variables, including age, sex, health status, fecal consistency, water source, use of anthelmintics, and the presence of diarrhea. Five parasite species were identified: Balantidium coli (35%), Entamoeba coli (22%), Strongyloides spp. (15%), Eimeria spp. (18%), and Ascaris spp. (10%). Younger pigs (≤7.4 months) were more likely to be infected with Balantidium coli (OR = 3.16, p = 0.05). Male pigs exhibited a significantly higher risk of Strongyloides spp. infection (OR = 3.6, p = 0.01). Pigs with diarrhea had elevated odds of protozoan infections, highlighting its role as a clinical marker. Although most pigs consumed piped water (95%), no significant association was found between water source and parasite presence. The findings reveal a substantial parasitic burden, particularly of protozoan species, in the pig population of these districts. Age, sex, and diarrhea were identified as significant risk factors. This study emphasizes the need for targeted parasite control strategies, including improved hygiene, routine deworming, and management practices, to enhance pig health and productivity in the region.