Histopathological Investigation of Selective Neoplasm Found in Dog and Cat

Abstract

Histopathological investigation of tumor cells plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various neoplastic conditions in companion animals. This study aims to explore the diverse cellular characteristics of suspected tumor cases includes lipoma in a cat, and a case of lymphoma and mammary gland carcinoma in two individual dogs using histopathological examinations. The tissue samples were collected after the surgical removal of the tumors from the respective animals that were documented at the Shahedul Alam Quadary Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) in Chattogram and the Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center (TTPHRC) in Dhaka. Grossly a large nodular mass were palpated in intra-abdominal region in a 5 years old local spayed cat and laparotomy was performed at TTPHRC, revealed a yellow, soft, lobulated mass with an oily surface. Besides, a 1.2 years old male Rottweiler dog with an around 5 cm nodular mass in left submandibular region and a local 8 years old unspayed dog with enlarged masses in mammary gland region were admitted in SAQTVH and TTPHRC respectively for surgery. Histopathological examination revealed mature adipocytes with eccentrically placed nuclei and less mitotic figures that indicate benign form of neoplasm in the cat called lipoma. In the Rottweiler dog the tumor tissue showed large number of pleomorphic cells, anisokaryosis, uneven distribution of chromatin materials, increased amount of binucleated cells indicating increased mitotic figure and fibroblast which is characteristics figure of lymphoma. The neoplastic cells also present within the blood vessels suggestive of metastasis and poor prognosis. In mammary gland tumor the ductal epithelial cells were proliferated, resulting in the creation of finger-like projections that extend into the inner space (lumen) and presence of pleomorphic cells with metaplasia within the milk duct indicative of invasive ductal carcinoma in dog. In Bangladesh, very few studies have been conducted on tumor in companion animals. Therefore, it‘s essential to enhance our understanding of tumor biology and providing clinicians with valuable information to make perfect decisions in tumor management. Detailed investigation on the histopathology of abnormal cellular growth in this study will be helpful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of such cases in dogs and cats.