Study on Gross and Microscopic Lesions of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) or Gumboro Disease in Broiler Chicken with Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management

Abstract

nfectious Bursal Disease (IBD) or Gumboro is an immunosuppressive disease caused by a virus under the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae that affects 3 to 6 weeks old chickens more commonly. On August 17, 2023, an outbreak of Gumboro disease was found at a broiler farm in the Chattogram Metropolitan Area. There were 1500 broiler chickens in the flock and they were 25 days old. The flock's average body weight was between 1200 to 1300gm. Suddenly 60 birds died within 3 days. Anorexia, trembling, ruffled feathers, white & watery diarrhoea, dehydration, huddling, vent pecking and depression were the clinical signs that were noticed in the flock. By performing postmortem examination, there found enlarged and edematous bursa of fabricius with pin point haemorrhages in the mucosal fold of bursal wall. The kidneys were also inflammed. It appeared swollen & discolored with deposition of urates. The permanent slides were prepared for examination. Some microscopic lesions were visible on the permanent slide of several samples, including the bursa of fabricius, spleen, and kidney. The lesions were fewer lymphocytes in bursa of fabricius and spleen. Also vascular congestion in the renal blood vessels could be observed under a microscope. Though it was a viral disease, there was no any specific treatment for this disease but to prevent the secondary bacterial infections, antibiotics were used. The treatment was given with combination of Flouroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) and Aminoglycosides (Neomycin) as antibiotic. Immune stimulator and anti-stress elements, toxin binder, kidney tonic and vitamin C were also used as a supportive drugs. Additionally, some guidance on biosecurity precautions was provided. The treatment produced a satisfactory result. After few days, the birds' conditions gradually improved and their deaths stopped. Mortality did not exist anymore