Diagnosis and clinical management of coccidiosis in calf at Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Karnaphuli, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abstract

Coccidiosis may be the second most common cause of diarrhea in calves, behind rotavirus infection. The causative agent is sporozoan protozoa. This condition can develop in young calves due to reduced immunological competence. On September 19, 2023, a one-month-old calf with severe clinical symptoms, including bloody diarrhea, muscle weakness, and dehydration, was brought to the Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital in Karnaphuli, Chattogram. Physical examination revealed a range of abnormal vital signs. Based on clinical history and symptoms, coccidiosis was initially suspected. Confirmation of coccidiosis was achieved through fecal examination at the Parasitology Lab in Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. Unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. were identified. Treatment involved a comprehensive approach, including intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics, antiprotozoal drug, a chemotherapeutic agent, and vitamin supplements and oral saline. While the bleeding stopped after three days, diarrhea and anorexia persisted. Additional treatment with growth promoters, an anthelmintic medication, and vitamin-mineral supplements was provided. Remarkably, within four days of the extended treatment regimen, the calf's condition significantly improved, with the return to normal feeding and the absence of persistent diarrhea.