Study on antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Grampositive bacteria isolated from cats in Chattogram Metropolitan Area

Abstract

Globally, antibiotic resistant pathogens have become an emerging problem in animals with the great significant of public health issue. In developing countries like Bangladesh, indiscriminate use of antibiotics is very common and leading to widespread development of antimicrobial resistance. A 12 months long observational study was conducted to identify the gram positive bacterial infection in upper respiratory tract of cat and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern during March 2019 to March 2020. A total of 100 nasal swab samples were collected from cats admitted to Shahedul Alam Quadary Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University following standard procedure. Animal related data were recorded through face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. Then the bacteria were isolated through the conventional bacteriological procedure and finally identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The identified bacteria were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion technique. Out of the 100 cats, 40 (40%, 95% C.I.) and 18(18%, 95% C.I.) were positive for Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species respectively. A total of 9 isolates were confirmed as staphylococcus aureua (9%). The result of antimicrobial antibiotic susceptibility showed that Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. displayed resistance to Penicillin (62.5%, 38.9%) and Ampicillin (35%, 44.4%) (p< 0.05). All isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Streptococcus infection show less than 20% Resistant to the oxytetracycline and doxycycline and Staphylococcus infection 100% susceptible to the oxytetracycline and doxycycline. The analysis of Univariable logistic regression found that young cat less than 2 years of age were more susceptible to the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infection rather than aged cats. Similarly, local breed almost 3 times more prone to the Streptococci and Staphylococci infection. No remarkable and significant association was found in regarding sex. Presence of this zoonotic pathogen like Streptococcus spp. and S. aureus could be interrelated with the possibility for the exchange of antimicrobial resistance gene between human and cat population. Public awareness about the resistance of bacteria to the antibiotic should xi be increased and proper legislative action should be implemented about ensuring prudent use of antibiotic.