Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Isolated from Cockroach

Abstract

Staphylococcosis is one of the most common and widely distributed food borne diseases, and presence of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus in food products is a global public health crisis. During the last decade, multi-resistance of Staphylococcus spp. has increased, especially in developing countries. Therefore, present study was conducted on randomly selected household and restaurant of Chittagong City Corporation to determine the prevalence of staphylococcus spp. and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus isolated from gut contents and external washings of cockroach. A total of 50 adult cockroaches, captured aseptically from Three household and four restaurants were identified as Periplaneta americana. Culturing external surface wash and gut homogenates by pooling cockroaches, resulted in the isolation of Staphylococcus spp. Examination of Staphylococcus spp. on external washings and gut content of cockroach were carried out using standard method and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using disc diffusion method during the period July to December, 2014. Out of the 50 sample the highest prevalence was found in gut isolates of households (66.67%) and lowest (40.00%) in both external and gut isolates of household and restaurants and variation in prevalence was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among six antimicrobial tested highest level of resistance found in Penicillin (72.72-85.71%) followed by Erythromycin (45.45-64.28%), Clindamycin (27.27-78.57%), and Oxacillin (21.42 45.45%). The rate of sensitivity to individual antibiotics against Staphylococcus isolates was highest in Kanamycin and Cephalothin (100%) followed by Oxacillin (45.45- 57.14%), Erythromycin (21.42-27.27%), Penicillin (14.28-27.27%) and Clindamycin (0- 7.14%). Staphylococcus isolates was multidrug resistant up to four of the six antimicrobials tested. In conclusion, it can be said that the rational use of antibiotics need to be adopt in both human and animals to prevent the emergence of drug resistance Staphylococcus.