Causes of Poultry Mortality with Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Zoonotic Importance of Collibacilosis and Salmonellosis in Savar Poultry Belt Area under Dhaka District.

Abstract

A pathological investigation on the occurrence of poultry diseases in Savar Upazilla under Dhaka Dictrict, one of the poultry belts in Bangladesh, was conducted during the period from from 27th June to 27th August 2010. A total of 191 samples of either dead or sick birds were brought at Savar UVH from different farms of different region of Savar Upazilla. Diagnosis of different disease conditions was made on the basis of the history, age of birds, clinical signs, and gross lesions. The prevalence is 28.80% for single colibacillosis case and 13.61% for single Salmonellosis, but in case of mixed infection, the prevalence is 4.71% with Collibacilosis and 2.10% with Salmonellosis. 36 E. coli strains isolated from Colibacillosis and 21 Salmonella isolates from Salmonellosis from commercial broilers and layers were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance. The goal of this study was to investigate the present level of antibiotic resistance patterns of avian pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella. This study detected resistances of E. coli isolates were against Doxycycline (38.88%), Oxyetracycline (50.55%), Amoxicillin (60.88%), Enrofloxacin (50%) and Ciprofloxacin (30.55%) and Salmonella isolates were against Doxycycline (33.33%), Oxyetracycline (63.33%), Amoxicillin (63.33%), Enrofloxacin (52.38%) and Ciprofloxacin (52.38%). Both types of isolates show high sensitivity to Gentamycin (100%) from colibacillosis and Salmonellosis cases. This study also compares the result with the previous works on E coli and Salmonella from poultry and aquatic sources in Bangladesh, and later on signifies the resistance to human health. The present study confirms the significant increase of the resistance level in E. coli and Salmonella isolated from poultry. This is, probably, due to increase use of antibiotics as feed additives for growth promotion and prevention of disease, resistance transfer among different bacteria, and possible cross-resistance between antibiotics used in domestic animals and those used in human medicine. This study signifies the Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) as a potential pathogen that might cause neonatal meningitis in human and antibiotic resistant Salmonella as the source of foodborne illness, reactive arthritis (ReA) and Reiter’s syndrome of human. This indication implies avian zoonosis caused by E. coli and Salmonella represents that the people in Bangladesh those who are working with poultry sector are under the severe threat.