ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN GOATS

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria causing respiratory tract infection (RTI) in ruminants especially in goats is a very common issue in today’s world. In this study, a total number of 120 nasal swab samples were collected from goats having respiratory illness presented to S. A. Q. Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), CVASU. This study was designed to isolate and identify bacteria causing respiratory tract infections including S. aureus, E. coli and P. multocida in goats with their antibiotic resistance pattern. In the investigation, 16 (19.2%) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus whereas 8 (6.67%) isolates were confirmed as E. coli based on cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. Then the isolates were screened against 11 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. All the S. aureus isolates were resistant to ampicillin and highest number of isolates were equally resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin (93.75%, 95% CI 69.77 – 99.84) followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (62.5%, CI 35.43 – 84.8). All the isolates of E. coli were resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin and most of the isolates were equally resistant to ampicillin and azithromycin (87.5%, CI 47.35 – 99.68). Moreover, higher resistance against enrofloxacin (62.5%, CI 24.49 – 91.48) and tetracycline (50%, CI 15.7 – 84.3) also found. Furthermore, highest number of S. aureus isolates (85.71%) showed multidrug resistance (MDR) against atleast 3 groups of antibiotics including the combination of beta-lactam, fluoroquilonone and macrolides (33.33%) and the combination of beta-lactam, fluoroquilonone, tetracycline (33.33%) groups. In case of E. coli, 40% isolates were found to be multidrug resistant against the combination of beta-lactam, fluoroquilonone, and macrolides. The infection rate of both bacteria were higher in cross breeds (S. aureus: 28.57%, CI 3.67 – 70.96 and E. coli: 14.29%, CI 3.67 – 70.96), goats that reared in farms (S. aureus: 16.67%, CI 4.73 – 37.38 and E. coli: 8.33%, CI 1.03 – 27), non-vaccinated goats (S. aureus: 14.42%, CI 8.3 – 22.67 and E. coli: 6.73%, CI 2.75 – 13.38), goats having poor BCS (S. aureus: 19.35%, CI 7.45 – 37.47 and E. coli: 9.68%, CI 2.04 – 25.75) and goats diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia (23.08%, CI 5.04 – 53.81). However, any of the association with risk factors was not significant according to the study. This study identified pathogens in goats responsible for RTI with their AMR pattern in SAQTVH, Chattogram. Potential risk factors, measuring the strength of association of RTI caused by these pathogens were also determine.